IELTS and TOEFL Vocabulary Chapter 4

• Contemporary-concurrent, coexistent, modern
• Ascribe-attribute, credit, assign
• Imprint-mark, track, trace
• Apace with-abreast with
• Cradle-bassinet, cot, birthplace
• Undoubtedly-certainly, doubtlessly, unquestionably
• Cunning-deceptive, shrewd, sly
• Enigmatic-mysterious, obscure, ambiguous
• abundant-plentiful, profuse, ample
• account for-explain
• cast-form, mold, shape
• artifact-remain, relic, antiquity
• adorn-decorate, ornament, embellish
• abruptly-unexpectedly, suddenly, instantly
• acclaim-hail, applaud, cheer
• abandon-desert, cede, leave behind
• agile-nimble, quick, swift
• surmount-overcome, ascend, mount, defeat
• outgoing-friendly, sociable
• nuisance-annoyance, irritation, inconvenience
• levy-impose, charge, tax
• brag-boast, swagger, talk big
• infamous-notorious, disreputable, ill-famed
• misery-affliction, distress, hardship
• enact-pass, decree, legislate
• conclusive-decisive, convincing, definite
• blunt-dull, worn, abrupt
• warp-bend, twist, distort
• aromatic-fragrant, perfumed, pungent
• ambidextrous-talented, gifted, adept
• alien-exotic, foreign, outlandish
• eject-banish, boot, expel
• hem-enclose, encase, hedge
• synthesize-combine, mix, compose
• delicate-fragile, breakable, exquisite
• shrink-wither, shrivel, contract
• sway-wave, swing, tilt
• appreciation-recognition, understanding, admiration
• corpse-cadaver, carcass, remains
• decipher-decode, unravel, interpret
• come up with-conceive, hit upon
• sheer-absolute, downright, plain
• deem-consider, judge, think
• succinct-brief, concise, precise
• constrict-compress, contract, squeeze
• dissenting-discording, disagreeing, conflicting, disagreeing
• crave-desire, yearn, long for
• stride-pace, step, development
• drench-drown, immerse, soak
• excavate-unearth, uncover, expose
• periodically-occasionally
• surge-move powerfully
• inhibit-restrict
• ever-shifting-constantly changing
• profound-far-reaching
• plausible-reasonable
• exploit-take advantage of
• adjoining-bordering 
• viable-able to survive
• rival-competing
• enduring-lasting
• guard-watch over
• rudimentary-basic
• justly-rightfully
• forging of-creation of
• distinctive-characteristic
• eventually- at the end
• deterioration-decline